{"id":277,"date":"2017-06-05T13:29:31","date_gmt":"2017-06-05T13:29:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bootstrap-it.com\/blog\/?p=277"},"modified":"2018-01-25T03:04:18","modified_gmt":"2018-01-25T03:04:18","slug":"virtualbox-are-you-getting-your-moneys-worth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bootstrap-it.com\/blog\/?p=277","title":{"rendered":"VirtualBox: Are You Getting Your Money\u2019s\u00a0Worth?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/div>

Well of course you are. It\u2019s free, isn\u2019t it? Ok, so then why not double the return on your investment? Why not broaden your reach by becoming a VirtualBox power user?<\/p>\n

Oracle\u2019s VirtualBox is easy to install, easy to run, and gives you the ability to run virtual versions of just about any modern operating system from within any other modern operating system. Mac OS on Windows? Yup. Windows 10 on Ubuntu Linux? I\u2019ve done it myself. FreeBSD on CentOS Linux? Sure, why not?<\/p>\n

You can, of course, do similar stuff with the free VMware Player tool and, on Windows 8 and up, with Hyper-V. But this article is about VirtualBox.<\/p>\n

I\u2019d been using VirtualBox for years, but it wasn\u2019t until I needed to pull together a number of physical machines sitting around the house to use as nodes in a Docker swarm mode network<\/a> that things got complicated. After all, manually creating and launching VMs would require spending some serious time in front of each PC, babysitting OS installations and configurations. And that, in turn, would mean climbing stairs and sitting on the truly awful chairs in my kids\u2019 rooms. Don\u2019t tell them I said this, but I haven\u2019t a clue why they put up with them.<\/p>\n

It turns out that SSH connectivity between my (Linux) PCs and some very basic knowledge of the vboxmanage<\/em> command line shell were all it took to return me to my lazy sysadmin happiness. It was liberating, and you could probably use some liberation of your own.<\/p>\n

But before going there, I\u2019ll talk a bit about the way VirtualBox works and the kinds of things you can do with it. Feel free to skip ahead if that doesn\u2019t sound interesting.<\/p>\n

What\u2019s my angle in all this? While engaging in research for my various books<\/a> and Pluralsight video courses<\/a>, I often build test environments that include machines running odd combinations of operating systems. For some purposes\u200a\u2014\u200aespecially when I need to work at the operating system kernel level\u200a\u2014\u200aVirtualBox has repeatedly proven to be the fastest and most effective tool I\u2019ve got. I\u2019m not sure I\u2019d ever want to use the resource-greedy VirtualBox to run permanent services, but for test and development related cases, it\u2019s absolutely king of the hill.<\/p>\n

That\u2019s me. But is my experience useful for normal users? In the sense that, once in a while at least, everyone needs to check out new technologies, then absolutely. But I guess I am a bit unusual in that I very rarely move to production. I\u2019m always testing.<\/p>\n

Working with VirtualBox<\/h3>\n

Besides letting you try out entirely new operating systems without having to dig through the garage for unused (but usable) hardware components, VirtualBox is also a terrific sandbox. So even if you don\u2019t really care what OS you\u2019re running, but you\u2019re not too keen on risking the health and welfare of your main workstation on some experimental software configuration, VirtualBox can help.<\/p>\n

This will also work if the experimental software configuration is your own. Which is to say that VirtualBox can be used as a tool for safely testing the way your own development projects handle within multiple OS environments.<\/p>\n

And don\u2019t forget that VirtualBox is very widely used as a provider for the Vagrant configuration automation system.<\/p>\n

As I briefly wrote in my Linux Server Virtualization article<\/a>, VirtualBox is a type-2 hypervisor. And so it is. But it\u2019s a hypervisor with such a light footprint that, feature-for-feature, it can overlap with container technologies like Docker and LXC\/LXD. That opens VirtualBox up to a decent range of uses. But since the overlap can get complicated, here (because you can never have too many spreadsheets) is a visual technology vs. technology comparison:<\/p>\n

\n

\"\"

An unscientific feature\/use-case matrix for virtualization technologies<\/p><\/div><\/figure>\n

Getting Stuff\u00a0Done<\/h3>\n

Enough talk already. Let\u2019s get to work.<\/p>\n

The VirtualBox GUI is all very pretty, but it\u2019ll really slow you down when you\u2019re firing up VMs on multiple network hosts. So here are some tools that will make things happen\u200a\u2014\u200aboth locally or through a remote connection\u200a\u2014\u200afrom the command line.<\/p>\n

Install VirtualBox (here\u2019s how it\u2019s done on Ubuntu or Debian, at any rate):<\/p>\n

$ sudo apt install virtualbox<\/pre>\n
Now it is possible to remotely create a new VM from scratch using commands like these:<\/p>\n
vboxmanage list ostypes\r\nvboxmanage createhd \u2014 filename Ubuntu64.vdi \u2014 size 16384\r\nVBoxManage createvm \u2014 name Ubuntu64 \u2014 ostype \u201cUbuntu_64\u201d \u2014 register<\/pre>\n
\u2026But displaying the actual installation interface on a remote screen can sometimes be more trouble than it\u2019s worth. Instead, let\u2019s assume that you\u2019ve already got a \u201cgolden-image\u201d VirtualBox VM on your local workstation. You\u2019ll want to use vboxmanage list vms<\/em> to see what\u2018s there.<\/p>\n
Here\u2019s what it looked like on my workstation:<\/p>\n
$ vboxmanage list vms\r\n\u201cUbuntu-16.04-template\u201d {c00d3b2b-6c77\u20134919\u201385e2\u20136f6f28c63d56}\r\n\u201cUbuntu14-template\u201d {43e2f9d4\u20138aa1\u20134db4-aa59\u201333b202df32ed}\r\n\u201ccentos-7-template\u201d {e2613f6d-1d0d-489c-8d9f-21a36b2ed6e7}\r\n\u201cKali-Linux-template\u201d {b7a3aea2\u20130cfb-4763\u20139ca9\u2013096f587b2b20}\r\n\u201cKali-Linux-openvas\u201d {1ec41fdd-bf14\u20134025\u20139e9e-ee7272acf87f}\r\n\u201cdocker-project\u201d {2387a5ab-a65e-4a1d-8e2c-25ee81bc7203}\r\n\u201cUbuntu-16-lxd\u201d {62bb89f8\u20137b45\u20134df6-a8ea-3d4265dfcc2f}<\/pre>\n
Note, by the way, how I keep clean \u201ctemplate\u201d copies of individual operating systems and then create cloned copies whenever I need to do some actual work. Believe me, this can really speed up your time-to-launch over having to go through the whole installation routine each time. You can create clones from the GUI, or using clonevm<\/em> like this (where \u201cKali-Linux-template\u201d is the name of an existing VM and \u201cnewkali\u201d is the name we\u2019d like to give to the clone):<\/p>\n
$ vboxmanage clonevm Kali-Linux-template --name newkali<\/pre>\n
Check out the clonevm<\/em> argument details on the VirtualBox documentation page here<\/a>.<\/p>\n
Here, however, I\u2019m going to show you how to export an existing VM to a\u00a0.OVA file that you can simply copy to your remote machines and then import into their instances of VirtualBox. The export operation couldn\u2019t be simpler: you enter the name of the VM you want to export (docker-project, in my case), -o<\/em> to specify an output filename, and the filename itself with the appropriate file extension.<\/p>\n
$ vboxmanage export docker-project -o docker.ova\r\n0%\u202610%\u202620%\u202630%\u202640%\u202650%\u202660%\u202670%\u202680%\u202690%\u2026100%\r\nSuccessfully exported 1 machine(s).<\/pre>\n
The file will be saved to your current directory. You can display the details of the file you\u2019ve just created:<\/p>\n
$ ls -lh | grep docker\r\n-rw \u2014 \u2014 \u2014 \u2014 1 root root 2.1G Jun 4 17:01 docker.ova<\/pre>\n
One way or another, you\u2019ll need to copy the\u00a0.OVA file to your other PCs. Here\u2019s how the file transfer might work between Linux\/MAC OS machines using scp:<\/p>\n
$ scp docker.ova username@192.168.0.34:\/home\/username<\/pre>\n
Naturally, you\u2019ll have to make sure you\u2019ve got enough free disk space to both save the\u00a0.OVA file itself (which can be quite large) and<\/em> create the new VM.<\/p>\n
Now log in to your remote machine and, from the directory containing the file you\u2019ve just transferred, import it into VirtualBox:<\/p>\n
$ vboxmanage import docker.ova\r\n0%\u202610%\u202620%\u202630%\u202640%\u202650%\u202660%\u202670%\u202680%\u202690%\u2026100%\r\nInterpreting \/home\/dad\/docker.ova\u2026\r\nOK.\r\nDisks:\r\n vmdisk2 36945920000 -1 http:\/\/www.vmware.com\/interfaces\/specifications\/vmdk.html#streamOptimized<\/a> docker-disk1.vmdk -1\u20131<\/pre>\n
Virtual system 0:\r\n 0: Suggested OS type: \"Ubuntu_64\"\r\n    (change with \"--vsys 0 --ostype <type>\"; use \"list ostypes\" to list all possible values)\r\n 1: Suggested VM name \"docker-project\"\r\n    (change with \"--vsys 0 --vmname <name>\")\r\n 2: Number of CPUs: 1\r\n    (change with \"--vsys 0 --cpus <n>\")\r\n 3: Guest memory: 2048 MB\r\n    (change with \"--vsys 0 --memory <MB>\")\r\n 4: Sound card (appliance expects \"\", can change on import)\r\n    (disable with \"--vsys 0 --unit 4 --ignore\")\r\n 5: USB controller\r\n    (disable with \"--vsys 0 --unit 5 --ignore\")\r\n 6: Network adapter: orig Bridged, config 3, extra slot=0;type=Bridged\r\n 7: CD-ROM\r\n    (disable with \"--vsys 0 --unit 7 --ignore\")\r\n 8: IDE controller, type PIIX4\r\n    (disable with \"--vsys 0 --unit 8 --ignore\")\r\n 9: IDE controller, type PIIX4\r\n    (disable with \"--vsys 0 --unit 9 --ignore\")\r\n10: SATA controller, type AHCI\r\n    (disable with \"--vsys 0 --unit 10 --ignore\")\r\n11: Hard disk image: source image=docker-disk1.vmdk, target path=\/home\/dad\/VirtualBox VMs\/docker-project\/docker-disk1.vmdk, controller=10;channel=0\r\n    (change target path with \"--vsys 0 --unit 11 --disk path\";\r\n    disable with \"--vsys 0 --unit 11 --ignore\")\r\n0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%\r\nSuccessfully imported the appliance.<\/pre>\n
You\u2019ll want to confirm that everything worked by running list vms<\/em>:<\/p>\n
$ vboxmanage list vms\r\n\u201cdocker-project\u201d {30ec7f7d-912b-40a9\u20138cc1-f9283f4edc61}<\/pre>\n
You can connect your VM to a network using vboxmanage modifyvm<\/em>. But, before you can do that, you\u2019ll need to know how your host machine refers to the appropriate network interface. On a Linux machine, you can get that using ip addr<\/em>. In this case, the second interface that\u2019s displayed (\u201ceth0\u201d\u200a\u2014\u200athat\u2019s \u201ceth\u201d followed by a zero\u2026not the letter o) is the NIC through which that machine gets its internet access, so it\u2019s the connection we\u2019re after.<\/p>\n
$ ip addr\r\n1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1\r\n link\/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00\r\n inet 127.0.0.1\/8 scope host lo\r\n valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\r\n inet6 ::1\/128 scope host \r\n valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\r\n2: eth0:<\/strong> <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000\r\n link\/ether 94:de:80:c5:1e:2d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\r\n inet 192.168.1.13\/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic eth0\r\n valid_lft 59857sec preferred_lft 59857sec\r\n inet6 fe80::e1c3:f8a2:9f8d:4375\/64 scope link \r\n valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever<\/pre>\n
One way to move your VM\u2019s (virtual) network card onto the eth0 interface by way of a bridge adapter is through the modifyvm<\/em> command. In this case, \u201cdocker-project\u201d points to the VM name, and eth0 is the target of the new bridge, connecting your VM\u2019s internal network interface with the host\u2019s eth0.<\/p>\n
$ vboxmanage modifyvm \u201cdocker-project\u201d --bridgeadapter1 eth0<\/pre>\n
Now you\u2019re ready to fire up the VM. The \u201ctype\u201d argument tells VirtualBox to run the VM as a server without a GUI.<\/p>\n
$ vboxmanage startvm \u201cdocker-project\u201d type --headless\r\nWaiting for VM \u201cdocker-project\u201d to power on\u2026\r\nVM \u201cdocker-project\u201d has been successfully started.<\/pre>\n
Curious about what\u2019s going on with your new VM? Try showvminfo<\/em>:<\/p>\n
$ vboxmanage showvminfo docker-project<\/pre>\n
You may need to run a network search program like nmap to get your VM\u2019s IP address. With that piece of information, you\u2019ll be ready to get to work. Log in to your new VM using the same credentials you used on the source VM from which it was copied. Shutting down a VM once you\u2019re done with it is as simple as running the poweroff<\/em> command:<\/p>\n
$ VBoxManage controlvm \u201cdocker-project\u201d poweroff \r\n0%\u202610%\u202620%\u202630%\u202640%\u202650%\u202660%\u202670%\u202680%\u202690%\u2026100%<\/pre>\n
Happy virtualizing!<\/p>\n
A version of this post was published on Medium<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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